Attitudes toward Sages and Elders
1. The Torah states (Devarim, 6:13): “Et Hashem Elokecha tira—Fear the Almighty, your G-d.” This verse uses the auxiliary particle “et,” and our sages, as in other similar cases, explain what this addition conveys. “Et” refers to those who master Divine wisdom, that is, Torah sages. From this is derived a Torah law (de'oraita!) requiring every Jew to treat sages respectfully and to take particular care in their behavior in their presence.
Rabbeinu Yonah of Gerona explains that this commandment shows how important it is to teach others wisdom and fear of Heaven. When people are shown the right path and helped with advice, the Almighty's Name is sanctified. That is why our sages—our teachers and righteous individuals—deserve special respect.
2. This commandment includes 4 aspects:
A) Respecting a sage;
B) Rising upon encountering a sage;
C) The prohibition against hating a sage or treating him with contempt;
D) The commandment to spend time with sages and help them.
These commandments are not limited by time or place. They apply to women as well. Children must also be taught to respect sages by explaining to them—and showing them through personal example—how important this commandment is.
3. Respect for sages does not refer only to well-known community leaders.
Below are seven levels, in order of importance, each of which is directly relevant to this commandment:
a) The teacher from whom you have received most of your Torah knowledge and wisdom (whom we will hereafter call your “primary teacher”);
b) One of your teachers;
c) A Torah sage (not necessarily your teacher);
d) Your study partner (chavruta), or a friend;
e) Your student;
f) A sage who, for some reason, has forgotten the Torah knowledge he previously acquired (he, too, must be respected);
g) A wise and learned person who has stopped following the laws of the Torah. (You may not address him contemptuously in public, much less insult him.)